USES OF SEARCH ENGINES

USES OF SEARCH ENGINES

The ability to effectively search and locate information on the internet, has be made possible through the help of several search engines available to us.

The following are the uses of search engines:

1.       Search engines enable us to find files, pages, news, images, videos, music and other data on the web.

2.       Search engines are used to deliver results that are relevant to what their users search for. They do this by maintaining databases of web pages, which they develop by using automated programs, know as “spiders” or “robots” to collect information.

3.       They enable users to quickly and easily find information that is of genuine interest or value to them, without wading through numerous irrelevant web pages.

4.       They enable us to download educational materials such as lesson notes and tutorials in any subject of our choice. We could also use it to download music and videos files.

5.       We could use search engines to get maps and directions to any place in the world.

6.       Search engines enable us to display advertisements.

USING THE SEARCH ENGINE TO OBTAIN INFORMATION

There are various search engines that can be used to obtain information from the internet. Google is a very popular search engine program that allows us to search for information on the internet. It is perhaps the best search engine that is available today. It is a search engine that is very easy to use and available free of charge. It usually returns relevant results in a fraction of a second.

HOW TO USE GOOGLE TO OBTAIN INFORMATION FROM THE NET.

1.       Double-click on the internet explorer icon on your desktop to open the internet explorer windows.

2.       Type in www.google.com in the address field of the browser and click Go or hit Enter key on the keyboard.

3.       In the last search box, type (information and communication technology) and hit Enter.

4.       Click on the site that from its description, seems to have the information you are looking for.

DOWNLOADING INFORMATION FROM THE INTERNENT

Downloading is the process of moving information or programs from a computer network (internet) to a small computer (desktop). To begin downloading, locate the file or program you wish to download. Do find out whether such program or file is downloadable. If yes, you may need to copy or download it onto your computer’s hard disk.

TECHNOLOGY OF DIFFERENT AGE

TECHNOLOGY OF DIFFERENT INFORMATION AGES

Technology of information age is the evolution of different objects for tool making. Some of the different information ages are:

1.     Stone Age: - the Stone Age is the ancient period when humans created tools from stone (for lack of better technology). Stone tools were made from different kinds of stone. For example flint and cherts were shaped for use as cutting tools and weapons, while basalt and sandstone were used as ground stone tools such as quern stones. Also, sediments (like clay) were used to make pottery.

2.     Iron Age: - this is the period when iron was developed as the major tools for man. As human, life gradual attentions begin to shift to iron. The iron such as steel and bronze were used for making tools and weapons for war e.g. hoe, knife and cutlass were made from iron and were meant for human usage.

3.     Middle Age (Feather pen and Ink): - the middle age was the era of feather pen made from bird feather and was used for writing. The feather pen was invented in ancient times. The process of writing was done by dipping the feather pen into an inkpot. Besides the feather pen, there were other inventions like wheelbarrows, four-wheeled wagon, etc.

4.     Industrial Age: - industrial age is known as the industrial revolution age. There were rapid revolution changes in agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and mining sector across the globe in this era. In this period, machines were produced and used to perform tedious and manual production of goods. In man’s history, this period was a turning point because roads, ships, railways, electricity etc. were developed in this era. Examples of Industrial Age tools are locomotive trains and sewing machines.

5.     Electronic Age: - this is the invention of electronic machine. The age dominated by the internet and electronic media. The period is generally said to have begun in the latter half of the 20^th century, though the particular date varies. There was development of the electronic digital computer, a device essential for storing, retrieving and manipulation of vast amounts of information. Examples of Electronic Age tools are Electronic Typewriter and Electronic Calculators.

PROJECT 2, LDR DARKNESS SENSOR CIRCUIT

INTERNET SEARCH ENGINE

INTERNET SEARCH ENGINE

Internet search engines

Internet search engines are special sites on the web designed to help people find information stored on other sites. These search engines allow users to enter search items (e.g. causes of typhoid fever), by typing a keyword, phrase or sentence and the program retrieves a list of World Wide Web sites, or documents associated with the search item.

Functions of search engines

There are differences in the ways various search engines work, but they all perform three basic functions:

1.     They search the internet based on the important words specified.

2.     They keep an index of the words they find, and where they find them.

3.     They allow users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.

Types of Search engines

Search engines can be divided into two types:

1.     Crawler (crawler – based search engines):- crawler – based search engines such as Google and Yahoo, compile their listings automatically. They “craw” or “spider” the web, and people search through their listings. These listings are what make up the search engines index or catalogue. An index is a massive electronic filing cabinet containing a copy of every web page the spider finds.

2.     Directories (human - powered results):- directories such as open directory depend on human editors to compile their listings. Webmasters submit an address, title, and a brief description of their sites, and then editors review the submission. Early search engines were mostly directories. Now, Crawlers are more common.

Examples of search engines

s/n	Search Engine	Web Address
1.	Google	www.google.com
2.	Mamma	www.mamma.com
3.	WebCrawler	www.webcrawler.com
4.	Yahoo! search	www.yahoo.com
5.	Find.com	www.find.com
6.	Gigablast	www.gigablast.com
7.	Getlyrics	www.getlyrics.com
8.	Snap.com	www.snap.com
9.	Looksmart	www.looksmart.com
10.	Infoseek	www.infoseek.com

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Definition of a computer

A computer can be define as an electronic device which is capable of receiving input (i.e. data from the users), storing it for a desired period of time, manipulating it according to some set of instructions (called program) and producing the output to the user in desired form.

Basic functions of a computer

The basic function of the computer is as follows:-

1.     Input: - the computer accepts data from outside for processing within. Input devices would be required to enable us get information into a computer. Some examples of these input devices are keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, digital camera etc.

2.     Storage: - The computer can store data either internally using memory or externally using storage devices. Basically, the computer holds data internally before, during and after processing.

3.     Processing: - The computer performs operation on the data it holds within. The CPU which is the “BRAIN” of the computer actually processes the information you put in into human readable form.

4.     Output: - Information that has been processed is communicated back to the user in the form of words, sounds or pictures, and is delivered through printers, speakers, monitors or other output devices.

Constituents of a computer system

A constituent of a computer system refers to the parts or components a computer system is made of.

Generally, a computer system has two main constituents:

1.     Hardware: - is the general term used to describe all the electronic and mechanical elements of the computer system together with those devices used with the computer. They are the visible part of a computer.

2.     Software: - is the term used to describe all the various programs used on a computer together with their associated documentation. Without software a computer is useless. It is the invisible part of a computer system.

Characteristics of a computer system

1.     Speed: - a computer has a very high speed of operation. Complex calculations are performed within fractions of a second and results obtained very fast.

2.     Accuracy: - the degree of accuracy of computer is very high and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy. Machine errors rarely occur because of in-built error detecting techniques within the computer.

3.     Diligence: - the computer is consistent and diligent in its mode of operation, which means it is reliable. The computer being a machine does not suffer from the human trait of tiredness and lack of concentration.

4.     Versatility: - this means the capacity to perform different types of work.

5.     Storage: - the computer has an in-built memory where it can store large amount of data. You can also store data in secondary storage devices such as flash drives, which can be kept outside your computer and can be carried to other computers.

6.     No intelligence quotient (IQ): - computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do any work without instructions from the users. It performs the instructions at tremendous speed and with accuracy.

PROJECT 1, WATER LEVEL INDICATOR.

HOW TO MAKE A WATER LEVEL INDICATOR.

QUESTION BANK 1

1.   One of this statements is not true of information age

(a)  Information age has allowed rapid global communication and networking to shape modern society. (b) Information age is characterized by the ability of individuals to transfer information freely and to have access to current knowledge. (c) Information age, computer age and information era are the same (d) information age is the peripheral device that controls the computer.

2.     A device capable of processing information to produce a desired result is called _____

(a)  Computronic (b) processor (c) computer (d) robot

3.    ______ and ______ are examples of mechanical counting tools

(a)  Pebbles and stones (b) fingers and toes (c) slide rule and abacus (d) abacus and sticks

4.    The German mathematician that designed a powerful mechanical calculator called the Leibniz calculator is called

(a)  Gottfried Leibniz (b) Leibniz Gabriel (c) Mark Paul (d) Bill gate

5.    One of these statements is not true of the Nigeria born Philip Emeagwali

(a)  Programmed a very fast supercomputer (b) used 65,536 processors to stimulate oil reservoirs. (d) Recognition as the father of computer.

6.    The future computer generation which will based on artificial intelligence is known as the ______ generation

(a)  First generation (b) fourth generation (c) fifth generation (d) third generation

7.    One of these is NOT a form in which information exist

(a)  Written (b) visual (c) verbal (d) sensation

8.    _____ is the passage of information from one person or place to another

(a)  Information explosion (b) information transmission (c) information passenger (d) information age

9.    One of these is NOT a modern method of transmitting information

(a)  Television (b) telephone (c) whistle (d) satellite

10. The term that describes the process of collecting data, preparing operations in other to get the required information is called ______

(a)  Database (b) data-info (c) data processing (d) data bank

11. The _____ key contain the largest amount of keys

(a)  Typing keys (b) Function keys (c) Numeric keys (d) Spacebar

12. One of the following is NOT an output device

(a)  Monitor (b) Printer (c) Plotters (d) Scanner

13. The computer output device that projects image from the monitor to the wall like in a cinema is called _______

(a)  printer (b) monitor (c) video projector (d) speaker

14. The portion of the CPU that performs the arithmetic and logic operations on data is called the ______

(a)  ALU (b) ABU (c) Registers (d) Control unit

15. The device used to store data and instructions on a long-term basis is referred to as _______

(a)  Primary storage (b) Secondary storage (c) Tertiary storage

16. The following are the importance of computer as a tool for processing data EXPECT

(a)  Decreased accuracy and low speed (b) Efficient storage facilities (c) Fast access to information (d) Handles repetitive task

17. One of these statements is NOT true

(a)  A monitor looks like a television set (b) A monitor has a television tuner to change channels (c) A monitor may be used to watch television (d) A monitor has a better display resolution than a television

18. The several tiny dots that make up the actual picture on your computer’s monitor are known as _______

(a)  Dotty (b) Resolution (c) PIXEL (d) No

19. ______ consist of a metal or plastic enclosure which houses all the hardware devices such as motherboard, hard disk, etc.

(a)  Keyboard unit (b) Box unit (c) System unit (d) Mouse

20. One of these is NOT a feature of a Word processor

(a)  Playing movies and music (b) Saving document on disk for future use (c) previewing documents on the monitor before printing (d) Opening existing document for editing

21. The world we live today is described as a ______ village

(a)  Mechanic (b) Telecom (c) Satellite (d) Global

22. All the following are the advantages of computer except

(a)  Accuracy (b) Speedy (c) Diligence (d) Costly

23. Charles Babbage was the inventor of ______

(a)  Abacus (b) Adding machine (c) Univac (d) Difference engine

24. Computer keyboard is divided into the following section except

(a)  Alphabetic (b) Numeric keys (c) Arrows keys (d) Roman numerals key

25. ______ and _____ are the two types of keyboard

(a)  Standard and Enhanced (b) Monochrome and color keyboard (c) standard and non-standard keyboard (d) standard and control keyboard

26. Which of the following is NOT part of central processing unit (CPU)?

(a)  Arithmetic and logic unit (b) Temporary unit (c) The main memory (d) control unit

27. The two types of monitor are ______ and _______

(a)  Black and white (b) Black and color (c) white and color (d) Monochrome and color.

28. ______ is the largest type of computer

(a)  Mainframe (b) Super computer (c) Microcomputer (d) Mini computer

29. All the following are uses of computer in the hospital except

(a)  For keeping the record of patient (b) for recording the sex of the patient (c) for injecting the patient (d) for recording the blood group of the patient.

30. Which of the following is the type of booting system of computer?

(a)  Cold and warn booting (b) Hot and warn booting (c)Cold and cold booting (d) Warn and warn booting

31. One of these statements does not describe a computer virus

(a)  It is a program written by mischievous programmers (b) it is a hardware component that causes the computer to crash when infected  (c) virus is a block of executable codes that causes severe harm to a system (d) virus can infect several components of a computer’s operating system and files

32. One of this statements is not true of information age

(a)  Information age has allowed rapid global communication and networking to shape modern society. (b) Information age is characterized by the ability of individuals to transfer information freely and to have access to current knowledge. (c) Information age, computer age and information era is the same (d) information age is the peripheral device that controls the computer.

33. One of these statements is not true of the Nigeria born Philip Emeagwali

(a)  Programmed a very fast supercomputer (b) used 65,536 processors to stimulate oil reservoirs. (d) Recognition as the father of computer

34. ______ and ______ are examples of mechanical counting tools

(a)  Pebbles and stones (b) fingers and toes (c) slide rule and abacus (d) abacus and sticks

35. The following are the mouse action except _______

(a)  Click (b) Dragging (c) Double Click (d) Forward click.

36. The process of arranging data in a particular order is called data _______

(a)  Creation (b) Verification (c) Sorting (d) Description

37. The component of third generation computer is _______

(a)  Vacuum tubes (b) Transistor (c) Integrated circuit (d) internal valve.

38. Which of the following is not part of system unit?

(a)  Protective button (b) Reset button (c) Power button (d) Port.

39. ATM means ________ (a) automatic teller machine (b) automated teller machine (c) authentic teller machine (d) auto teller machine

40. Satellite is one of the modern means of transmitting information

(a)  True (b) False (c) True and False (d) All of the above.

1.    One of these is NOT a paint tool

(a)  Select tool (b) magnifier tool (c) pencil tool (d) Format tool

2.    The following can be done using graphic packages EXCEPT

(a)  Greeting cards design (b) posters and billboards design (c) magazines/Newspaper designs (d) spreadsheet package

3.    A ______is a unit of measurement approximately one billion bytes

(a)  Kilobyte (b) Megabyte (c) Gigabyte (d) Terabyte

4.    A computer system stores information in the form of ________

(a)  Decimal number system (b) Binary number system (c) Hexadecimal number system (d) Octal number system

5.    The software that controls the overall activity of a computer is called _______

(a)  MS Word (b) Operating system (c) Controlling system (d) Translator program

6.    Computer programming languages include all these EXCEPT

(a)  PASCAL (b) FORTRAN (c) BABBAGE  (d) BASIC

7.    _______ is a set of moral principles that regulate the use of computers

(a)  Computer Antivirus (b) Computer lab (c) Computer ethics (d) Law regulatory authorities.

8.    One of these statements is NOT true about the internet

(a)  Internet referred to as network of networks (b) Internet was first known as ARPA net (c) Internet does not require the use of Telephone lines or satellite links (d) Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers

9.    The direct implication of syntax error includes all the following except _________

(a)  The error will correct itself (b) the program will not run (c) The error was be debugged (d) Output will not be generated.

10. Troubleshooting simply means _______

(a)  To shoot trouble (b) to cause trouble (c) to trace and correct faults (d) to trace a program in the computer

11. Which of the following is not a method of feeding data into the computer in basic programming?

(a)  Let statement (b) Read statement (c) Input statement (d) Output statement

12. PROGRAM in the start menu of a window XP contain _______

(a)  The configuration of the computer (b) recently used program (c) the list of available application on the computer (d) all the components of the computer

13. In decimal system there are 10 digits which are _________

(a)  1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 (b) 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9 (c) 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 and 20 (d) 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12

14. When you convert 100111₂ to base 10, the answer is  _________

(a)  45 (b) 39 (c) 77 (d) 100

15. Convert 12₁₀ to binary

(a)  1011₂ (b) 1100₂ (c) 1101₂ (d) 1110₂

16. The operation carried out by the logic unit of CPU is ________

(a)  Arithmetic operations (b) comparison of data (c) addition and subtraction of data (d) multiplication of data

17. Back up means _______

(a)  Creating master files (b) copy files for safe keeping (c) loading operational file (d) updating operational file

18. A _______  a machine that scans document and send its message as electronic signals over a transmission line to a receiving device

(a)  Plotter device (b) fax machine (c) notebook (d) phone

19. A special software that enables us to send and receive data over a telephone line through the aid of a modem is called ______

(a)  Communication software (b) computer (c) communication channel (d) videoconferencing

20. A _______ is a set of ordered instructions written to enable a computer carry out a specific task

(a)  Computer hard (b) computer program (c) computer language (d) computer instructor

21. One of these options is NOT among the three broad categories of programming language

(a)  Machine language (b)assembly language (c) super-level language (d) high-level language

22. The following are examples of operating system EXCEPT

(a)  MS DOS (b) Windows (c) UNIX (d) MS Excel

23. _______ refers to the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware systems.

(a)  Hardware (b) Software (c) People-ware (d) Firmware

24. The people that possess educational qualification and experience in technical aspects of making computers and using them are called

(a)  Computer Artisans (b) End users (c) Computer Professionals (d) Computer Technicians

25. The following are hardware components EXCEPT

(a)  Memory unit (b) Input devices (c) Storage devices (d) windows

26. The type of computer used to perform variety of purposes is called _______

(a)  General purpose computer (b) special purpose computer (c) supercomputer (d) multi-function computer

27. The computer designed to solve a specific kind of problem is called _______

(a)  General purpose computer (b) special purpose computer (c) supercomputer (d) multi-function computer

28. One of these is NOT a classification of computer by types.

(a)  Hybrid computer (b) Analog computer (c) Mainframe computer (d) Digital computer

29. A computer which behaves like analog and digital is known as ______ computer

(a)  Digital (b) Analog (c) Hybrid (d) Mainframe

30. Microprocessor was an invention of the ______ computer generation.

(a)  First (b) Second (c) Third (d) Fourth

31. Computer software is divided into _______

(a)  Hardware and software (b) software and people ware (c) programs and system software (d) system and application software

32. ________, _________ and ________ keys are used to reset the computer

(a)  Ctrl, Alt, Del (b) Ctrl, Caps Lock, Shift (c) Alt, Del, Shift (d) Ctrl, Alt, F2

33. ________ are  referred to as half of bytes

(a)  Quad words (b) Single words (c) Nibbles (d) Bytes

34. A good computer professional must possess all of these qualities EXCEPT

(a)  Ability to possess analytical skills (b) Ability to handle multi-tasking (c) Ability to solve simple and specific task (d) Ability to communicate effectively

35. Google (www.google.com) is a

(a)  Search Engine (b) Directory of images (c) Network topology (d) Chat Service on the web

36. Which description does not apply to the internet?

(a)  An inter-connected system of networks that allows for communication (b) A public network neither owned or run by any one group or individual (c) A vast network that connects millions around the world (d) A catalog of information organized and fact-checked by a governing body

37. On which of the following sites can you set up your email account?

(a)  www.hotmail.com (b) www.windows.com (c) www.linux.org (d) www.yamail.com

38. The “http” you type at the beginning of any site’s address stands for

(a)  Hyperspace terms and technology protocol (b) Hypertext transfer protocol (c) HTML transfer technology process (d) Hypertext technique protocol

39. A utility program that scans the files and registry on your computer to detect and remove viruses and other malicious program is called _____

(a)  Virus scan (b) Antivirus (c) Firewall (d) Malicious program

40. The smallest unit of storing data in computer is called _____

(a)  Bit (b) Byte (c) Gigabyte (d) Kilobyte